Optogenetics wins the Nobel – one neuroscience breakthrough in a line of technological innovations helping scientists map and control the brain

Neuroscientific advances follow a pattern of visualizing the brain, measuring its function and then controlling it. Optogenetics may lead to a new era of medical treatment.

2026年诺贝尔生理学或医学奖颁给光遗传学相关研究，该技术让科学家能用光在毫秒尺度上控制特定神经元。文章按“看见大脑、测量功能、控制活动”三条线索梳理了从卡哈尔染色法到脑深部刺激、DREADDs等技术积累，并展望其在恢复视力、镇痛和癫痫等疾病治疗上的前景。